Zólyomi Gábor. Akkadian and Sumerian Language Contact

The Semitic Languages, IV The Semitic Languages and Dialects II: East Semitic. — Budapest: Weninger, 2011. — p. 396-404.The mutual influence of East-Semitic Akkadian and isolate Sumerian on each other is the first known and documented example of contact-induced language change. Speakers of East-Semitic and Sumerian may have been in contact for over a thousand years, and the contact resulted in similarities on the level of phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. This chapter describes the linguistic traits of Akkadian that may have developed under the influence of Sumerian. Except for a considerable number of loanwords from Sumerian, this influence manifests itself in shared patterns, categories, constructions, and meanings but not in loaned forms.Linguistic influence of Sumerian on Akkadian
The gutturals and phonemic /e/
The cislocative
The pronominal system
The modal system
The stative
The Akkadian perfect
Subordinated clauses
Loss of internal plurals
Tense systems
Word order
Lexicon