Demirbas A., Demirbas M.F. Algae Energy: Algae as a New Source of Biodiesel

London, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, 2010. — 204 p. — ISBN: 978-1-84996-049-6, e-ISBN: 978-1-84996-050-2.Algae Energy covers the production of algae culture and the usage of algal biomass conversion products. It also reviews modern biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane and biohydrogen. Each chapter opens with fundamental explanations suitable for those with a general interest in algae energy and goes on to provide in-depth scientific details for more expert readers. Algae energy is discussed within the wider context of green energy, with chapters covering topics such as: green energy facilities, algae technology, energy from algae and biodiesel from algae. Algae Energy addresses the needs of energy researchers, chemical engineers, fuel and environmental engineers, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, and others interested in a practical tool for pursuing their interest in bio-energyEnergy Demand and Availability
Fossil Energy Sources
Renewable Energy Sources
Present Energy Situation
Energy Production and Future Energy Scenarios
Future Energy ScenariosGreen Energy FacilitiesBiomass Feedstocks
Green Energy
Importance of Biomass
Production of Fuels and Chemicals from BiomassBiofuelsImportance of Biofuels
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Bio-oil
Biogas
Fischer–Tropsh Liquids from Biorenewable Feedstock
Biohydrogen
Other Liquid Biofuels
Glycerol-based Fuel Oxygenates for Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel Blends
P-series Fuels
Dimethyl Ether
Other Bio-oxygenated Liquid FuelsAlgae TechnologyDefinition of Algal Terms
Production Systems
Harvesting Microalgae
Photobioreactors
Open-pond Systems
Closed and Hybrid Systems
Production CostsEnergy from AlgaeHistorical Perspective
Biofuels
Biodiesel
Bioalcohol
Costs, Prices, and Economic Impacts of Biofuels
Environmental Impacts of Biofuels
Combustion Efficiencies of Biofuels
Bio-oil
Biomethane
Production of Bio-oil and Hydrogen by Pyrolysis
Anaerobic Biohydrogen Production
Liquefaction of Algal Cells
Liquefaction of Algal Cells by Hexane Extraction
High-value-added Products from Algae
Small Molecules
Polymers
High-value OilsBiodiesel from AlgaeBiodiesel from Algal Oil
Production of Biodiesel from Algal Oils
Potential of Microalgal Biodiesel
Acceptability of Microalgal Biodiesel
Economics of Biodiesel Production
Improving Economics of Microalgal Biodiesel
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biodiesel from Algal OilBiorefineriesDefinitions of Biorefinery
Main Technical and Nontechnical Gaps and Barriers to Biorefineries
Historical Perspective
Petroleum Refinery and Biorefinery
Refining of Upgraded Products
Opportunities for Refining Pyrolysis ProductsFuture DevelopmentsWorld Theoretical Limit of Biomass Supply
High-yield Energy Crops
Food Versus Fuel Delineation
Thermodynamic Efficiency (Exergy Analysis)
Biofuel Upgradation
Carbon Credits
Social and Political Issues
The Promise of Algae: Energy Security
Environmental Impacts of Biomass Production